Membrane separation is a method of separating different components in a mixture based on their size, shape, charge, or other physical properties using a semi-permeable membrane. This research area focuses on developing and improving membrane materials, processes, and technologies for various applications such as water purification, wastewater treatment, gas separation, and food processing. Membrane separation offers advantages such as low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and scalability, making it a promising technology for addressing various separation challenges.